This Hansa yellow is a transparent yellow with excellent brightness. It makes more intense tints and cleaner secondaries than Cadmium Yellows, especially when mixed with other organic or modern colours like Phthalo Blue and Green. Phthalo Green is a transparent, cool, bright, high-intensity colour used in oil and acrylics. Lampblack is a very opaque, heavily staining black pigment that does not have much covering or tinting power. Though a very pure black, it tends to muddy slightly in mixtures.
Composition and Permanence
Pigment Combination: PY3-Hansa Yellow 10G; PG7-Phthalo Green; PBk7-Lamp Black
1 PIGMENT NAME: PY3-HANSA YELLOW 10G
Pigment Type: organic, monoazo
Properties
This Hansa yellow is transparent. It has excellent brightness and tinting strength, and its drying time ranges from average to slow. Hansa Yellow makes more intense tints and cleaner secondaries than Cadmium Yellows, especially when mixed with other organic or modern colours like Phthalo Blue and Green. Because they are more transparent, they have great value as glazing colours.
Permanence
This Hansa Yellow has fair to good permanence, particularly in the lighter shades.
Toxicity
Hansa Yellow has no significant acute hazards, though its chronic hazards have not been well studied.
History
Hansa Yellows were first made in Germany just before WW1 from a series of synthetic dyestuffs called Pigment Yellow. They were intended to be a synthetic replacement for Cadmium Yellow.
2 Pigment Name: PG7-Phthalo Green
Pigment Type: organic
Chemical Name: polychlorinated copper (II) phthalocyanine
Properties
Phthalo Green is a transparent, cool, bright, high-intensity colour used in oil and acrylics. It comes from a Phthalocyanine Blue pigment where most hydrogen atoms have been replaced with chlorine, forming highly stable molecules. It has similar pigment properties and permanence to Phthalo Blue. It is slow drying and excellent base colour for mixing a range of bright greens. Phthalo Green is considered an excellent alternative to Viridian because it is intense and mixes well, and can be used to emphasize mineral colours in various tints. However, its tinting strength is very high to overpower other colours. This pigment most closely resembles the discontinued and toxic Verdigris.
Permanence
Phthalo Greens are completely lightfast and resistant to alkali, acids, solvents, heat, and ultraviolet radiation. Due to their stability, they are currently used in inks, coatings, and many plastics and are considered a standard pigment in printing ink and the packaging industry.
Toxicity
Phthalo Green has no significant hazards, but it contained PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) until 1982.
History
This bright blue-green was developed in 1935 and has been in use since 1938.
3 Pigment Name: PBk7-Lamp Black
Pigment Type: inorganic
Chemical Name: carbon
Properties
Lampblack is a very opaque, heavily staining black pigment that does not have much covering or tinting power. It is typically the opaquest black in watercolour form. Though a very pure black, it tends to muddy slightly in mixtures. Natural sources may be brownish or bluish in tone because of impurities. When used in oil paints, it is one of the slowest drying pigments and should not be used in underpainting or applied in layers underneath other colours.
Permanence
Lamp Black is very lightfast and permanent. It is used in all techniques in permanent painting.
Toxicity
Carbon itself is not considered hazardous; however, other dangerous combustion products are often present as impurities when Lamp Black is produced from natural materials. For this reason, commercial preparations of the pigment should be considered.
History
Lamp Black is a carbon-based black traditionally produced by collecting soot (known as lampblack) from oil lamps. It has been used as a pigment since prehistoric times. It is the black found in Egyptian murals and tomb decorations and was the most popular black for fresco painting until the development of Mars Black.
