Gamblin 1980 Oils - PW6-Titanium White; PY75-Arylide Yellow; PY43-Yellow Ochre

Gamblin’s approach is different. 1980 colours contain pure pigments, the finest refined linseed oil, and marble dust (calcium carbonate). Since oil painting began, these three ingredients have made more affordable colours.

Painters experience true colours without homogenized texture or muddy colour mixtures. Gamblin's approach to using traditional raw materials and processes ensures that artists experience the luscious working properties they expect from their oil colours.

Naples yellow is an opaque, warm, earthy, greenish-yellow pale yellow. It is suitable for skies, botanical and landscape painting, and as an underpainting for urban sketching.

Original Naples's yellow name comes from natural deposits in Mount Vesuvius. It was first introduced to European painters in the early 17th century. It was often used in the skies and as an underpainting for urban sketching. Some Naples yellow brands contain lead, which can be harmful if swallowed or come into contact with the skin. Thus, an environmentally friendly Naples yellow hue was developed.

PIGMENT COMPOSITION AND PERMANENCE

• Pigment Name: PW6-Titanium White (Titanium dioxide)
• Pigment Type: inorganic

PROPERTIES

Titanium White is the most brilliant of the white pigments. It is considered an all-purpose oil colour that is useful in all techniques and the best all-around white. Its masstone is neither warm nor cool, placing it between Lead White and Zinc White. It is less prone to cracking and yellowing than Lead White, but it still yellows easily.

Titanium White dries slowly in oil, more slowly than Lead White but more quickly than Zinc White. It is opaque in oil and acrylic and semi-opaque in watercolour. This pigment has good chemical stability, and its tinting strength is superior to Lead White and Zinc White.

PERMANENCE

Titanium White has excellent permanence and lightfastness.

TOXICITY

Titanium dioxide is highly stable and is regarded as completely non-toxic. Animal studies do not indicate that it is absorbed biologically, even after long periods of exposure. The primary safety concern is with the inhalation of fine pigment dust particles.

HISTORY

Titanium is the ninth most abundant element in the Earth's crust. However, mineral deposits that are economical to mine are rare. Titanium dioxide was first discovered in 1821, although it could not be mass-produced until 1919. Widespread use of the pigment began in the 1940s. Since that time, it has become the most commonly used white pigment.

The name comes from the Latin word Titan, the name for the elder brother of Kronos and ancestor of the Titans, and the Greek word tito, meaning day or sun.

PIGMENT COMPOSITION AND PERMANENCE

• Pigment Name: PY75 Arylide Yellow (arylide yellow)
• Pigment Type: Monoazo; Arylide;

PROPERTIES

Arylide yellows are warm yellows with a reddish hue. When mixed with white, they are almost orange in masstone but less orange in an undertone. They are useful for translucent glazing techniques or washes with high tint strength. Arylide yellow is synthesized by azo coupling aniline and acetoacetanilide or their derivatives.

Arylide yellow is resistant to water, oil, acids, and bases. It has a melting point of 150°C and decomposes at higher temperatures. It may bleed in paints and is potentially carcinogenic.

PERMANENCE

Arylide yellow pigments have a very good lightfastness. Arylide yellows have reasonable tinting strength, opacity, and solvent resistance. They are primarily used in printing inks, plastics, rubbers, and architectural and artists' paints. Monoarylide yellows are better lightfast than diarylides.

TOXICITY

Arylide Yellow is classified as non-hazardous and non-toxic.

HISTORY

There is no history of PY75 arylide yellow pigment. Hermann Wagner discovered the first arylide yellow pigment, PY 1, in Germany in 1909 and made it commercially available around 1925. After 1950, arylide yellow became more widely used as a replacement for the toxic cadmium yellow.

Other names are Arylide yellow, also known as Hansa Yellow GX, Monoazo Yellow, and Azo Yellow.

PIGMENT COMPOSITION AND PERMANENCE

• Pigment Name: PY43-Yellow Ochre (Natural hydrated iron (III)-oxide)
• Pigment Type: earth

PROPERTIES

Yellow Ochre provides artists with earth tones from cream to brown. It has good hiding power, produces quick-drying paint, and can safely mix with other pigments. Its transparency varies widely from opaque shades to more transparent ones, which are valued for their use as glazes.

If gypsum is present, Yellow Ochre is not suitable for frescoing. (See Brown Ochre, PY43.) PY42 is made from synthetic iron oxides. PY43 is made from natural iron oxide.

PERMANENCE

Yellow Ochre has excellent permanence because ochres are some of the most permanent pigments.

TOXICITY

Yellow Ochre is non-toxic unless it contains manganese.

HISTORY

Ochre comes from the Greek word ochros, meaning pale yellow. It was one of the first pigments humans used, and evidence of its use has been found at 300,000-year-old sites in France and former Czechoslovakia.