Gamblin 1980 Oils - PBr7 Burnt Umber; PBk9 Ivory Black
Gamblin’s approach is different. 1980 colours contain pure
pigments, the finest refined linseed oil, and marble dust (calcium carbonate).
Since oil painting began, these three ingredients have made more affordable
colours.
Painters experience true colours without homogenized texture
or muddy colour mixtures. Gamblin's approach to using traditional raw materials
and processes ensures that artists experience the luscious working properties
they expect from their oil colours.
Van Dyke Brown is the warmest Gamblin black. It has a good
glazing colour and is useful for adding “gallery tone.” It's lightfast,
permanent, and made from bone black and iron oxide.
PIGMENT COMPOSITION AND PERMANENCE
- Pigment Name: PBr7 Burnt Umber (iron oxides with manganese
silicates or dioxide)
- Pigment Type: earth
PROPERTIES
Burnt Umber is a more intense reddish-brown pigment produced
by heating Raw umber's clay pigment. It has medium to excellent tinting
strength and high opacity, and it is quick drying in oil form. Burnt Umber is
more transparent than Raw Umber.
It has excellent colour properties and can create a variety
of subtle, clear tints when mixed with white.
It can tend towards chalkiness in dark oil mixes, but
overall, it mixes well with other colours. To create a black colour in oil
form, mix Burnt Umber with Phthalo Blue or Ultramarine. Mix it with Ultramarine
or Payne's Gray to achieve a similar colour in watercolour form.
PERMANENCE
Burnt Umber has good permanence.
TOXICITY
Burnt Umber itself is considered non-toxic. If contaminated
by manganese compounds, it may be highly toxic if inhaled and moderately toxic
if ingested.
HISTORY
This pigment comes from the Latin word umbra, meaning shadow
or shade. Its full name is terra di ombra, meaning earth of shadow/shade, due
to its original extraction from Umbria, Italy. It has been used as a pigment
since prehistoric times. Currently, the finest umber comes from Cyprus.
PIGMENT COMPOSITION AND PERMANENCE
- Pigment Name: PBk9 Ivory Black (Bone Black, Iron Oxide)
- Pigment Type: charred animal bone
PROPERTIES
Ivory Black is a cool, semi-transparent blue-black with a
slight brownish undertone and average tinting strength. It mixes well with any
colour and creates a range of dull greens when mixed with yellow. It has good
properties for use in oil, can be slow to dry in oil form, and should never be
used in underpainting or frescoing. Ivory Black is denser than Lamp Black.
PERMANENCE
Ivory Black is very lightfast and has good permanence,
though it is considered the least permanent of the primary black pigments.
TOXICITY
Ivory Black has no significant hazards.
HISTORY
Ivory Black is a carbon-based black, first named
Elephantium. It was described in the 4th century BCE as being produced by
heating ivory scraps in clay pots to reduce the ivory or bone to charcoal.
The deviation in names is because the more expensive
varieties of this pigment were made by burning ivory, and the less expensive
ones by burning animal bones. In the 19th century, the name Ivory Black was
finally permitted to be applied to Carbon Black pigments made from bone.
Genuine Ivory Black is rare in modern times due to the
protection of ivory, and the synthetic variety produced today was discovered in
1929. Bone Black is created as an industrial pigment.
