M024andnbsp;Viridian Hueandnbsp;/andnbsp;Vert Émeraude Imit.andnbsp;- Phthalo Blue PB15 (organic, copper Phthalocyanine), Phthalo Green PG7 (organic, polychlorinated copper (II) phthalocyanine)

Series: B
Lightfast: ***

Pigments 1:andnbsp;Phthalo Blueandnbsp;PB15

Developed by chemists using the trade nameandnbsp;Monastral Blue, the organic blue dyestuff is now known as Phthalo Blue, was presented as a pigment in November 1935 in London. Its discovery was accidental. The dark colour was observed in a kettle where a dye was being made from a British dyestuff plant. The demand for such a pigment came from commercial printers who wanted cyan to replace Prussian Blue.

• Pigments name: PB15-Phthalo Blue
• Pigment Type: Organic
• Chemical Name: Copper phthalocyanine

Properties: Phthalo Blues are pure, clean primary blues with superior covering power. They have a very high tinting strength and tend to overwhelm other pigments, but they make predictable mixed colours if colour strength can be controlled. In oil form, blues are intense and slow drying. When mixed with other colours or added chlorine, Phthalo Blue quickly tends towards green. When using alone, mix with some white, as Phthalo Blue can be semi-transparent and almost black on its own. It is among the most compatible modern colours with mineral colours and is considered more reliable than Prussian Blue while sharing the same physical and colour properties. Phthalo Blue is a good colour for glazing.

Permanence: Phthalo Blues are completely lightfast and stable and are permanent for all paint uses. Due to their stability, they are currently used in inks, coatings, and many plastics and are considered a standard pigment in printing ink and the packaging industry.

Toxicity: Phthalo Blues have no significant hazards, although those made before 1982 contained some PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls).

Alternate Names: Bocour Blue, Cyan Blue, Helio Blue, Heliogen Blue, Intense Blue, Monastral Blue, Phthalocyanine Blue, Rembrandt Blue, Thalo Blue, Winsor Blue.

Pigments 2:andnbsp;Phthalo Green PG7

This bright blue-green was developed in 1935 and has been in use since 1938.

• Pigments name: Phthalo Green PG7.
• Pigment Type: organic
• Chemical Name: polychlorinated copper(II) phthalocyanine

Properties: Phthalo Green is a transparent, excellent, bright, high-intensity colour used in oil and acrylics. It comes from a Phthalocyanine Blue pigment where most hydrogen atoms have been replaced with chlorine, forming highly stable molecules. It has similar pigment properties and permanence to Phthalo Blue. It is slow drying and excellent base colour for mixing a range of bright greens. Phthalo Green is considered an excellent alternative to Viridian because it is intense and mixes well, and can be used to emphasize mineral colours in various tints. However, its tinting strength is very high to overpower other colours. This pigment most closely resembles the discontinued and toxic Verdigris.

Permanence: Phthalo Greens are completely lightfast and resistant to alkali, acids, solvents, heat, and ultraviolet radiation. Due to their stability, they are currently used in inks, coatings, and many plastics and are considered a standard pigment in printing ink and the packaging industry.

Toxicity: Phthalo Green has no significant hazards, but it contained PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) until 1982.

Alternate Names: Bocour Green, Cyan Green, Intense Green, Monastral Green, Phthalocyanine Green, Rembrandt Green, Thalo Green, Winsor Green.