Umber (W329)Terre dandrsquo; Ombre

Burnt Umber (earth) is a more intense reddish brown pigment that results from heating the clay pigment Raw Umber. It has medium to excellent tinting strength and high opacity, and it is quick drying in oil form. Burnt Umber is somewhat more transparent than Raw Umber. It has excellent colour properties and can create a variety of subtle, clear tints when mixed with white. It can tend towards chalkiness in dark mixes in oil form, but overall it mixes well with other colors. To create a black colour in oil form, mix Burnt Umber with Phthalo Blue or Ultramarine. To achieve a similar colour in watercolour form, mix it with Ultramarine or Payne's Gray.

Historically, this pigment gets its name from the Latin wordumbra, meaningshadoworshade. Its full name is listed asterra di ombra, meaningearth of shadow/shade, due to its original extraction from the area of Umbria, Italy. It has been used as a pigment since prehistoric times. Currently, the finest umber comes from Cyprus.

• Pigments: Burnt Umber (iron oxides with manganese silicates or dioxide) PBr7
• Code TNE
• Permanence:*** Absolutely Permanent Colour. Burnt Umber has good permanence.
• Quality: Exceptional
• Price Series: A
• Toxicity: Burnt Umber itself is considered non-toxic. If contaminated by manganese compounds, it may be highly toxic if inhaled and moderately toxic if ingested.