R&F Encaustic Paint Block - Cerulean Extra Pale, 40 ml
Unlike most blues, when mixed with white, Cerulean takes on a softness that, in juxtaposition with cool colours, makes it seem slightly grayish and neutral, with warm colours a beautiful pale blue.
- Pigment Composition: PB35-Cerulean Blue; PW6-Titanium White; PW7-Zinc Sulphide White
- Paint Lines: Encaustic, Pigment Stick
- Opacity: Opaque
- Pigment Stick Drying Rate: Medium
- Classification: Synthetic Inorganic
- Chemical Composition: Cerulean blue, zinc-titanium white
- Safety Information: Conforms to ASTM D-4236
- Safety Warnings: This product contains cadmium, a chemical known to the State of California to cause cancer.
Pigment Name: PB35-Cerulean Blue
Classification: Synthetic Inorganic
Chemical Composition: Cobalt (II) stannate
Properties
Cerulean Blue is the standard cool blue, considered the traditional counterpart to Ultramarine, and is often used for painting atmospheric shades. It quickly dries and retains its colour in oil paint form, better than any other blue. However, it tends to granulate or become chalky in watercolours. It has limited hiding power, is semi-opaque, and is easy to control. Its tinting capacity is low, so it can become lost when mixing.
Permanence
Cerulean Blue has excellent permanence. It is very stable and lightfast.
Toxicity
Cerulean Blue is moderately toxic if inhaled or ingested and slightly toxic if it comes into contact with skin.
History
The name Cerulean Blue comes from the Latin word caelum, meaning sky. Andreas Hopfner discovered this pigment in 1805. Still, it was only widely available once Messrs. G. Rowney Co. in England introduced it in 1860 under the name coeruleum for use in aquarelle and oil painting. It was produced by the action of heat on cobalt oxide and other metallic bases.
Pigment Name: PW6-Titanium White
Classification: Synthetic Inorganic
Chemical Composition: Titanium dioxide
Properties
Titanium White is the most brilliant of the white pigments. It is considered an all-purpose oil colour that is useful in all techniques and the best all around white. Its masstone is neither warm nor cool, placing it between Lead White and Zinc White. It is less prone to cracking and yellowing than Lead White, but it still yellows easily. Titanium White dries slowly in oil form, more slowly than Lead White but more quickly than Zinc White. It is opaque in oil and acrylic forms and semi-opaque in watercolour form. This pigment has good chemical stability, and its tinting strength is superior to both Lead White and Zinc White.
Permanence
Titanium White has excellent permanence and lightfastness.
Toxicity
Titanium dioxide is highly stable and is regarded as completely non-toxic. Animal studies do not indicate that it is absorbed biologically, even after long periods of exposure. The primary safety concern is the inhalation of fine pigment dust particles.
History
Titanium is the ninth most abundant element in the Earth's crust. However, mineral deposits that are economical to mine are rare. Titanium dioxide was first discovered in 1821, although it could not be mass produced until 1919. Widespread use of the pigment began in the 1940s. Since that time, it has become the most commonly used white pigment. The name comes from the Latin word Titan, the name for the elder brother of Kronos and ancestor of the Titans, and from the Greek word tito, meaning day or sun.
Pigment Name: PW7-Zinc Sulphide White
Classification: Synthetic Inorganic
Chemical Composition: Zinc sulfide
Properties
Zinc Sulphide White is a semi-transparent yellowish-white pigment. Zinc sulphide and zinc oxide (PW4) are often combined to create a more natural white colour. Transparency increases as particle size decreases. When slight impurities are added, zinc sulphide has phosphorescent and electroluminescent properties. It is often used to manufacture fluorescent or glow-in-the-dark paints.
Permanence
Zinc Sulphide White has excellent permanence and lightfastness.
Toxicity
Zinc Sulphide is non-toxic, but ore deposits often contain lead. Traces of lead and other impurities may be present in pigment powders. Ingestion is not recommended.
History
Zinc sulphide, when combined with slight impurities, has phosphorescent properties. It is often used for invisible ink that glows with ultraviolet light and is also used in the manufacture of fluorescent paints.
