R&F Encaustic Paint Block - Cerulean Grey, 40 ml

It's not at all like Cerulean Extra Pale. The Raw Sienna makes it a very subtle pale earthy green. It's so close to Neutral Grey Pale in value and hue, but check how different the two appear in colour relationships. It's a mix of Cerulean Blue with Raw Sienna and Titanium-Zinc white.

• Pigment Composition: PB35-Cerulean Blue; PBr7-Raw Sienna; PW6-Titanium White; PW7-Zinc Sulphide White
• Paint Lines: Encaustic Pigment Stick
• Opacity: Semi-Transparent
• Pigment Stick Drying Rate: Medium
• Classification: Mixed
• Chemical Composition: Cerulean Blue + Raw Sienna + Titanium White + Zinc White
• Safety Information: Conforms to ASTM D-4236

Pigment Name: PB35-Cerulean Blue

Classification: Synthetic Inorganic

Chemical Composition: Cobalt (II) stannate

Properties

Cerulean Blue is the standard cool blue, considered the traditional counterpart to Ultramarine, and is often used for painting atmospheric shades. It quickly dries and retains its colour well, better than any other blue in oil paint form. However, it tends to granulate or become chalky in watercolours. It has limited hiding power, is semi-opaque, and is easy to control. Its tinting capacity is low, so it can become lost when mixing.

Permanence

Cerulean Blue has excellent permanence. It is very stable and lightfast.

Toxicity

Cerulean Blue is moderately toxic if inhaled or ingested and slightly toxic if it comes into contact with skin.

History

The name Cerulean Blue comes from the Latin word caelum, meaning sky. Andreas Hopfner discovered this pigment in 1805, but it was not widely available until Messrs. G. Rowney Co. in England introduced it in 1860 under the name coeruleum for use in aquarelle and oil painting. It was produced by the action of heat on cobalt oxide and other metallic bases.

Pigment Name: PBr7-Raw Sienna

Classification: Earth

Chemical Composition: Hydrated iron oxide

Properties

Raw Sienna is a moderately dull deep earth yellow with medium tinting strength and excellent transparency. It is one of the basic permanent artists' pigments and is made from a form of limonite clay whose yellow-brown colour results from ferric oxides. Raw Sienna is preferable to Yellow Ochre for creating flesh tones due to its higher subtlety of colour when mixed with white. It makes a bright Ochre when mixed with Cadmium Yellow and creates greens and grays when mixed with Ultramarine. Raw Sienna dries quickly.

Permanence

Raw Sienna has good permanence.

Toxicity

Raw Sienna has no significant hazards.

History

Raw Sienna has been used as a pigment since prehistoric times, although its current name came about during the Renaissance. It comes from the city of Siena in Italy and is short for terra di Siena, meaning the earth of Siena. Sienna was famous for mining and producing earth pigments from the Renaissance until World War II. Due to the depletion of clay deposits in Tuscany, Italian sienna now comes from other areas, including Sicily and Sardinia.

Pigment Name: PW6-Titanium White

Classification: Synthetic Inorganic

Chemical Composition: Titanium dioxide

Properties

Titanium White is the most brilliant of the white pigments. It is considered an all-purpose oil colour that is useful in all techniques and the best all around white. Its masstone is neither warm nor cool, placing it between Lead White and Zinc White. It is less prone to cracking and yellowing than Lead White, but it still yellows easily. Titanium White dries slowly in oil form, more slowly than Lead White but more quickly than Zinc White. It is opaque in oil and acrylic forms and semi-opaque in watercolour form. This pigment has good chemical stability, and its tinting strength is superior to both Lead White and Zinc White.

Permanence

Titanium White has excellent permanence and lightfastness.

Toxicity

Titanium dioxide is highly stable and is regarded as completely non-toxic. Animal studies do not indicate that it is absorbed biologically, even after long periods of exposure. The primary safety concern is the inhalation of fine pigment dust particles.

History

Titanium is the ninth most abundant element in the Earth's crust. However, mineral deposits that are economical to mine are rare. Titanium dioxide was first discovered in 1821, although it could not be mass produced until 1919. Widespread use of the pigment began in the 1940s. Since that time, it has become the most commonly used white pigment. The name comes from the Latin word Titan, the name for the elder brother of Kronos and ancestor of the Titans, and from the Greek word tito, meaning day or sun.

Pigment Name: PW7-Zinc Sulphide White

Classification: Synthetic Inorganic

Chemical Composition: Zinc sulfide

Properties

Zinc Sulphide White is a semi-transparent yellowish-white pigment. Zinc sulphide and zinc oxide (PW4) are often combined to create a more natural white colour. Transparency increases as particle size decreases. When slight impurities are added, zinc sulphide has phosphorescent and electroluminescent properties. It is often used to manufacture fluorescent or glow-in-the-dark paints.

Permanence

Zinc Sulphide White has excellent permanence and lightfastness.

Toxicity

Zinc Sulphide is non-toxic, but ore deposits often contain lead. Traces of lead and other impurities may be present in pigment powders. Ingestion is not recommended.

History

Zinc sulphide, when combined with slight impurities, has phosphorescent properties. It is often used for invisible ink that glows with ultraviolet light and is also used in the manufacture of fluorescent paints.