R&F Pigment Stick- Green Earth, 38 ml

Soft, delicate, muted green with a slightly yellowish undertone. This glaze is excellent for toning down bright colours and creating a shadow effect.

• Pigment Composition: PBr7-Burnt Sienna; PB29-Ultramarine [Blue]; PG18-Viridian
• Dimension: 38 ml. stick measuring 5" x 3/4" diameter
• Paint Lines: Encaustic Pigment Stick
• Opacity: Semi-Transparent
• Pigment Stick Drying Rate: Medium
• Classification: Synthetic Inorganic
• Chemical Composition: Transparent Iron Oxide, Viridian, Ultramarine Blue
• Safety Information: Conforms to ASTM D-4236

Pigment Name: PBr7 Burnt Sienna

Classification: Earth

Chemical Composition: Iron oxides

Properties

Burnt Sienna is a warm, mid-brown colour formed by burning the yellow-brown limonite clay called Raw Sienna. Due to the combination of its opaque, red-brown mass tone and its transparent, orangey undertone, it ranges from semi-opaque to semi-transparent. It is an excellent mixing complement for blues and greens, creating salmon or peach-coloured tints when mixed with white. It can help subdue bright colours and does not get chalky in dark mixtures.

Permanence

Burnt Sienna has good permanence and is considered one of the most versatile permanent pigments.

Toxicity

Burnt Sienna has no significant hazards.

History

Burnt Sienna has been used as a pigment since prehistoric times, but its current name came about during the Renaissance. It comes from Siena in Italy and is short for terra di Siena, meaning the earth of Siena. Sienna was famous for mining and producing earth pigments from the Renaissance until World War II. Due to the depletion of clay deposits in Tuscany, Italian siennas now come from other areas, including Sicily and Sardinia.

Pigment Name: PB29 Ultramarine [Blue]

Classification: Synthetic Inorganic

Chemical Composition: Complex silicate of sodium and aluminum with sulphur

Properties

Ultramarine is the standard warm blue, a brilliant blue pigment with the most purple and least green in its undertone. It has moderate to high tinting strength and beautiful transparency. Synthetic Ultramarine is not as vivid a blue as natural Ultramarine. Ultramarine dries slowly in oil and produces clean, though granular, washes in watercolour. French Ultramarine mixes well with Alizarin colours in oil and watercolour form to create a range of purples and violets. It can dull when mixed with white in acrylic form but mixes well with other colours. The shade varies based on the manufacturer. Considered a great colour for glazes, it is not suitable for frescoing.

Permanence

Ultramarine has excellent permanence, although synthetic Ultramarine is less permanent than natural lazuli, known as Ultramarine. Because of its sulfuric content, it may discolour if exposed to acid.

Toxicity

Ultramarine has no significant hazards.

History

The name for this pigment comes from the Middle Latin ultra, meaning beyond, and mare, meaning sea, because it was imported from Asia to Europe by sea. It is a prominent component of lapis lazuli and was used on Asian temples initially in the 6th century. It was one of the most expensive pigments in 16th century Europe, worth twice its weight in gold, and so was used sparingly and when commissions were larger. Modern day Ultramarine is imitated by a process invented in France in 1826 by Jean Baptiste Guimet, making blue affordable to artists and extending the range of colours on their palettes.

Pigment Name: PG18 Viridian

Classification: Synthetic Inorganic

Chemical Composition: Chromium (III)-oxide dehydrate

Properties

Viridian is the standard green. It is stable, robust, and cold, with an emerald green undertone. It has a transparent hue, good tinting strength, a dark masstone that can be almost black at full power, and a slow drying time in oil form. Viridian is commonly replaced by the darker, more saturated, and staining Phthalo Greens, but its properties make it a necessary part of an experienced landscape painter's palette.

Permanence

Viridian has excellent permanence, except in high-temperature work, and is highly valued as a glazing colour.

Toxicity

Viridian is slightly toxic.

History

Viridian’s name comes from the Latin Viridis, meaning green. The process for manufacturing Viridian, or Transparent Oxide of Chromium, was patented by Guignet in Paris in 1859. However, it was discovered by Pannetier and Binet in 1838. Viridian replaced Verdigris, which was reactive and unstable, and Emerald Green, a poisonous copper aceto-arsenite used as a rat poison in the sewers of Paris.