R&F Pigment Stickandnbsp;- Indigo, 38 ml

It has a very dark, blackish-blue top tone and an earthy greenish-blue undertone. It has an edgy feel and is great for line work.

• Pigment Composition: PBr7-Burnt Sienna; PB29-Ultramarine [Blue]; PB15:3-Phthalo Blue
• Dimension: 38 ml. stick measuring 5" x 3/4" diameter
• Paint Lines: Encaustic, Pigment Stick
• Opacity: Semi-Transparent
• Pigment Stick Drying Rate: Fast
• Classification: Mixed
• Chemical Composition: Natural earth, Ultramarine Blue, Prussian Blue
• Safety Information: Conforms to ASTM D-4236

Pigment Name: PBr7 Burnt Sienna

Classification: Earth

Chemical Composition: Iron oxides

Properties

Burnt Sienna is a warm, mid-brown colour formed by burning the yellow-brown limonite clay called Raw Sienna. Due to its opaque, red-brown mass tone and transparent, orangey undertone, it ranges from semi-opaque to semi-transparent. It is an excellent mixing complement for blues and greens, creating salmon or peach-coloured tints when mixed with white. It can help subdue bright colours and avoid getting chalky in dark mixtures.

Permanence

Burnt Sienna has good permanence and is considered one of the most versatile permanent pigments.

Toxicity

Burnt Sienna has no significant hazards.

History

Burnt Sienna has been used as a pigment since prehistoric times, but its current name came about during the Renaissance. It comes from Siena in Italy and is short for terra di Siena, meaning the earth of Siena. Sienna was famous for mining and producing earth pigments from the Renaissance until World War II. Due to the depletion of clay deposits in Tuscany, Italian siennas now come from other areas, including Sicily and Sardinia.

Pigment Name: PB29 Ultramarine [Blue]

Classification: Inorganic

Chemical Composition: Complex silicate of sodium and aluminum with sulphur

Properties

Ultramarine is the standard warm blue, a brilliant blue pigment with the most purple and least green in its undertone. It has moderate to high tinting strength and beautiful transparency. Synthetic Ultramarine is not as vivid a blue as natural Ultramarine (lapis lazuli). Ultramarine dries slowly in oil and produces clean, though granular, washes in watercolour. French Ultramarine mixes well with Alizarin colours in oil and watercolour form to create a range of purples and violets. It can dull when mixed with white in acrylic form but mixes well with other colours. The shade varies based on the manufacturer. Considered a great colour for glazes, it is not suitable for frescoing.

Permanence

Ultramarine has excellent permanence, although synthetic Ultramarine is less permanent than natural Ultramarine. Because of its sulfuric content, it may discolour if exposed to acid.

Toxicity

Ultramarine has no significant hazards.

History

The name for this pigment comes from the Middle Latin ultra, meaning beyond, and mare, meaning sea, because it was imported from Asia to Europe by sea. It is a prominent component of lapis lazuli and was used on Asian temples starting in the 6th century. It was one of the most expensive pigments in 16th century Europe, worth twice its weight in gold, and so was used sparingly and when commissions were larger. Modern Ultramarine is imitated by a process invented in France in 1826 by Jean Baptiste Guimet, making blue affordable to artists and extending the range of colours on their palettes.

Pigment Name: PB15:3 Phthalo Blue

Classification: Organic

Chemical Composition: Beta copper phthalocyanine

Properties

Phthalo Blue PB15:3 is a structural variant of Phthalo Blue PB15 that produces more greenish tones.

Permanence

Phthalo Blues are lightfast, stable, and permanent for all paint uses. Due to their stability, they are currently used in inks, coatings, and many plastics and are considered a standard pigment in printing ink and the packaging industry.

Toxicity

Phthalo Blues have no significant hazards, although those made before 1982 contained some PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls).

History

Developed by chemists using the trade name Monastral Blue, the organic blue dyestuff, now known as Phthalo Blue, was presented as a pigment in November 1935 in London. Its discovery was accidental. The dark colour was observed in a kettle where a dye was made from a British dyestuff plant. The demand for such a pigment came from commercial printers who wanted a cyan to replace Prussian Blue.