R&F Pigment Stick - Olive Yellow, 38 ml
This odd mix of complementary violet/yellow with yellow iron
oxide makes it appear yellowish, greenish, or brownish in the context of a
painting, Ultramarine violet and Still de grain.
- Pigment Composition: PY37-Cadmium Yellow, PV15-Ultramarine
Violet, PR101-Red Iron Oxide
- Dimension: 38 ml. stick measuring 5" x 3/4"
diameter
- Paint Lines: Encaustic, Pigment Stick
- Opacity: Semi-Transparent
- Pigment Stick Drying Rate: Medium
- Classification: Mixed
- Chemical Composition: c.p. cadmium sulphide + sodium
aluminum sulphate-silicate + synthesized iron oxide, calcined.
- Safety Information: Conforms to ASTM D-4236
Pigment Name: PY37 Cadmium Yellow
Classification: Inorganic, cadmium
Chemical Composition: Cadmium (II)-sulphide
Properties
Cadmium Yellow is brilliant, dense, and opaque, with good
tinting strength and high hiding power. It is the artist’s principal bright
yellow and is available in light, medium, and dark shades. The deeper shades
appear deep orange and have the greatest tinting strength. It is slow-drying in
oil form and used in oil and watercolour form. It cannot be mixed with
copper-based pigments. A clean Cadmium Orange is created when Cadmium Yellow is
mixed with Cadmium Red. Hues vary by brand. Cadmium pigments have been
partially replaced by azo pigments, similar in lightfastness to the cadmium
colours, cheaper, and non-toxic. Cadmium Yellow is usually available in a pure
grade or a cadmium-barium mix. This mix has the same permanence with a lower
tinting strength.
Permanence
Cadmium Yellow is lightfast and permanent in most forms, but
like most cadmium colours, it will fade in fresco or mural painting. The deeper
shades are the most permanent, while the pale varieties have been known to fade
with exposure to sunlight.
Toxicity
Cadmium Yellow is a known human carcinogen. It can be
hazardous if chronically inhaled or ingested.
History
Cadmiums get their names from the Latin word cadmia, meaning
zinc ore calamine, and the Greek word kadmeia, meaning Cadmean earth, first
found near Thebes, the city founded by the Phoenician prince Cadmus. Metallic
cadmium was discovered in 1817 by Friedrich Strohmeyer. Oil colours were first
made from Cadmium Yellow pigments in 1819, replacing toxic Chrome (lead)
Yellows. However, their production was delayed until 1840 due to the scarcity
of cadmium metals. Landscape painters, such as Claude Monet, preferred Cadmium
Yellow to the less expensive Chrome Yellow because of its higher chroma and
greater purity of colour.
Pigment
Name: PV15 Ultramarine Violet
Classification:
Synthetic Inorganic
Chemical Composition: Complex silicate of sodium and
aluminum with sulphur
Properties
Ultramarine Violet is a semi-transparent, dull purple to
pale violet with low tinting strength. It is weak in most oil applications as a
pigment but performs better in water-based mediums, pastels, and chalks. It is
generally the bluest of the violet pigments, although there can be significant
differences in colour across brands. It is unsuitable for fresco work and needs
to mix better with yellows. Ultramarine Violet is a variant of Ultramarine
Blue, and their pigment properties are identical.
Permanence
Ultramarine Violet has excellent permanence and
lightfastness.
Toxicity
Ultramarine Violet has no significant hazards.
History
Unknown.
Pigment Name: PR101 Red Iron Oxide
Classification: Synthetic Organic, Earth
Chemical Composition: Iron oxides (synthetic), iron oxide,
silica, alumina, lime, and magnesia or hydrated iron oxide
Properties
Red iron oxide varies in hue and transparency, depending on
hydration and slight impurities. Indian Red is a slightly duller, deep brick
hue with a bluish undertone. It is very dense and opaque, with excellent
tinting strength and covering power. It is dependable when mixed with all other
permanent pigments and yields good flesh tints when mixed with Zinc White. It
is the synthetic version of PR102, a pigment made from earth reds or natural
red iron oxides, and the names applied to PR101 and PR102 often overlap.
Synthetic red iron oxides have mostly replaced natural red iron oxides and are
brighter, more robust, more refined, and more permanent. Indian Red is the
highest grade bluish shade. Light Red, English Red, and Venetian Red are
yellowish shades. Mars Violet is a dull and subdued bluish or purplish oxide.
Permanence
Red iron oxide is very lightfast and has excellent
permanence.
Toxicity
Red iron oxide has no significant hazards.
History
Natural red iron oxide comes from the mineral ore hematite,
which the ancient Greeks called bloodstone from the word hema, meaning blood.
Hematite is one of the oldest pigments, has been used by every major
civilization, and was an essential mineral for medieval alchemists. It was not
widely used in artists' materials until the 17th century and was not produced
in large quantities until the 18th century.
