R&F Pigment Stick - Olive Yellow, 38 ml

This odd mix of complementary violet/yellow with yellow iron oxide makes it appear yellowish, greenish, or brownish in the context of a painting, Ultramarine violet and Still de grain.

• Pigment Composition: PY37-Cadmium Yellow, PV15-Ultramarine Violet, PR101-Red Iron Oxide
• Dimension: 38 ml. stick measuring 5" x 3/4" diameter
• Paint Lines: Encaustic, Pigment Stick
• Opacity: Semi-Transparent
• Pigment Stick Drying Rate: Medium
• Classification: Mixed
• Chemical Composition: c.p. cadmium sulphide + sodium aluminum sulphate-silicate + synthesized iron oxide, calcined.
• Safety Information: Conforms to ASTM D-4236

Pigment Name: PY37 Cadmium Yellow

Classification: Inorganic, cadmium

Chemical Composition: Cadmium (II)-sulphide

Properties

Cadmium Yellow is brilliant, dense, and opaque, with good tinting strength and high hiding power. It is the artist’s principal bright yellow and is available in light, medium, and dark shades. The deeper shades appear deep orange and have the greatest tinting strength. It is slow-drying in oil form and used in oil and watercolour form. It cannot be mixed with copper-based pigments. A clean Cadmium Orange is created when Cadmium Yellow is mixed with Cadmium Red. Hues vary by brand. Cadmium pigments have been partially replaced by azo pigments, similar in lightfastness to the cadmium colours, cheaper, and non-toxic. Cadmium Yellow is usually available in a pure grade or a cadmium-barium mix. This mix has the same permanence with a lower tinting strength.

Permanence

Cadmium Yellow is lightfast and permanent in most forms, but like most cadmium colours, it will fade in fresco or mural painting. The deeper shades are the most permanent, while the pale varieties have been known to fade with exposure to sunlight.

Toxicity

Cadmium Yellow is a known human carcinogen. It can be hazardous if chronically inhaled or ingested.

History

Cadmiums get their names from the Latin word cadmia, meaning zinc ore calamine, and the Greek word kadmeia, meaning Cadmean earth, first found near Thebes, the city founded by the Phoenician prince Cadmus. Metallic cadmium was discovered in 1817 by Friedrich Strohmeyer. Oil colours were first made from Cadmium Yellow pigments in 1819, replacing toxic Chrome (lead) Yellows. However, their production was delayed until 1840 due to the scarcity of cadmium metals. Landscape painters, such as Claude Monet, preferred Cadmium Yellow to the less expensive Chrome Yellow because of its higher chroma and greater purity of colour.

 Pigment Name: PV15 Ultramarine Violet

Classification: Synthetic Inorganic

Chemical Composition: Complex silicate of sodium and aluminum with sulphur

Properties

Ultramarine Violet is a semi-transparent, dull purple to pale violet with low tinting strength. It is weak in most oil applications as a pigment but performs better in water-based mediums, pastels, and chalks. It is generally the bluest of the violet pigments, although there can be significant differences in colour across brands. It is unsuitable for fresco work and needs to mix better with yellows. Ultramarine Violet is a variant of Ultramarine Blue, and their pigment properties are identical.

Permanence

Ultramarine Violet has excellent permanence and lightfastness.

Toxicity

Ultramarine Violet has no significant hazards.

History

Unknown.

 Pigment Name: PR101 Red Iron Oxide

Classification: Synthetic Organic, Earth

Chemical Composition: Iron oxides (synthetic), iron oxide, silica, alumina, lime, and magnesia or hydrated iron oxide

Properties

Red iron oxide varies in hue and transparency, depending on hydration and slight impurities. Indian Red is a slightly duller, deep brick hue with a bluish undertone. It is very dense and opaque, with excellent tinting strength and covering power. It is dependable when mixed with all other permanent pigments and yields good flesh tints when mixed with Zinc White. It is the synthetic version of PR102, a pigment made from earth reds or natural red iron oxides, and the names applied to PR101 and PR102 often overlap. Synthetic red iron oxides have mostly replaced natural red iron oxides and are brighter, more robust, more refined, and more permanent. Indian Red is the highest grade bluish shade. Light Red, English Red, and Venetian Red are yellowish shades. Mars Violet is a dull and subdued bluish or purplish oxide.

Permanence

Red iron oxide is very lightfast and has excellent permanence.

Toxicity

Red iron oxide has no significant hazards.

History

Natural red iron oxide comes from the mineral ore hematite, which the ancient Greeks called bloodstone from the word hema, meaning blood. Hematite is one of the oldest pigments, has been used by every major civilization, and was an essential mineral for medieval alchemists. It was not widely used in artists' materials until the 17th century and was not produced in large quantities until the 18th century.