Sennelier Watercolour S1 Greenish Umber (203)

Greenish Umber (203) Diarylide Yellow is a semi-opaque, moderately staining, intense, deep reddish yellow pigment with good tinting strength. Indanthrene Blue is a clear, clean, deep blue organic pigment. It has moderate to high tinting strength and is not as overpowering as Phthalo Blue. Hansa Yellow Deep, Benzimidazolone Orange, and Raw Umber are its best mixing complements.

Ivory Black is a cool, semi-transparent blue-black with a slight brownish undertone and average tinting strength. It mixes well with any colour and creates a range of dull greens mixed with yellow.

Pigment Name: PY83 Diarylide Yellow 83

Diarylide Yellow is a semi-opaque, moderately staining, intense, deep reddish yellow pigment with good tinting strength.

Permanence: Diarylide Yellow 83 has excellent lightfastness and permanence. However, it can fade in tints, so some artists do not consider it suitable as an artist’s colour. Many other diarylide yellow pigments are reported to have fair to poor lightfastness, and some are entirely fugitive. Diarylide Yellow 83 is reputed to be one of the most permanent of the entire group.

Toxicity: Diarylide Yellow has no significant acute hazards, but chronic hazards have not been well studied.

History: Diarylide Yellow comes from a family of azo pigments called Diarylide. These yellow-hued pigments were developed around 1940 and are essential in printing inks.

Alternate Names: Benzidine Yellow, Diazo Yellow.

Pigment Name: PB60 Indanthrene Blue

Indanthrene Blue is a clear, clean, deep blue organic pigment. It has moderate to high tinting strength and is not as overpowering as Phthalo Blue. Hansa Yellow Deep, Benzimidazolone Orange, and Raw Umber are its best mixing complements.

Chemical Name: complex, insoluble anthraquinone.

Permanence: Indanthrene Blue is permanent and has excellent lightfastness in both masstone and tints.

Toxicity: Indanthrene Blue varies in its acute toxicity, though toxicity is generally slight.

History: Indanthrene Blue is the oldest vat dye, discovered and patented in 1901 by Rene Bohn. It is considered the first anthraquinone vat dye, a group of dyes characterized by excellent lightfastness. The pigment originates from this dye.

Alternate Names: Indanthrone.

Pigment Name: PBk7 Ivory Black

Ivory Black is a cool, semi-transparent blue-black with a slight brownish undertone and average tinting strength. It mixes well with any colour and creates a range of dull greens when mixed with yellow. It has good properties for use in oil, can be slow to dry in oil form, and should never be used in underpainting or frescoing. Ivory Black is denser than Lamp Black.

Chemical Name: carbon + calcium phosphate

Permanence: Ivory Black is very lightfast and has good permanence, though it is considered the least permanent of the primary black pigments.

Toxicity: Ivory Black has no significant hazards.

History: Ivory Black is a carbon-based black first named Elephantium and described in the 4th century BCE as produced by heating ivory scraps in clay pots to reduce the ivory or bone to charcoal. The deviation in names is because the more expensive varieties of this pigment were made by burning ivory, and the less expensive ones by burning animal bones. In the 19th century, the name Ivory Black was finally permitted to be applied to Carbon Black pigments made from bone. Genuine Ivory Black is rare in modern times due to the protection of ivory, and the synthetic variety produced today was discovered in 1929. Bone Black is made as an industrial pigment.

Alternate Names: Animal Black, Blue Black, Bone Black. Paris Black is an inferior grade of Ivory Black. It was incorrectly labelled as Frankfort Black.