Sennelier Watercolour S1 Sap Green (819)

Sap Green (819) Nickel dioxine yellow is a semi-transparent, lightly staining yellow pigment with high tinting strength, although less than that of the diarylides. It is considered a good colour match for Indian Yellow, a historic pigment that is no longer available. Drying time is average. Ultramarine is the standard warm blue, a brilliant blue pigment with the most purple and least green in its undertone. It has moderate to high tinting strength and beautiful transparency. Ultramarine produces clean, though granular, washes in watercolour. French Ultramarine and Alizarin colours create a range of purples and violets.

Pigment Name: PY153—Nickel Dioxine Yellow

Nickel Dioxine Yellow is a semi-transparent, lightly staining yellow pigment with high tinting strength, although less than that of the diarylides. It is considered a good colour match for Indian Yellow, a historic pigment that is no longer available. Drying time is average.

Permanence: Nickel Dioxine Yellow has excellent lightfastness.

Toxicity: Nickel metal is toxic and may irritate the skin.

History: Unknown.

Alternate Names: Dioxine Yellow Nickel.

Pigment Name: PB29—Ultramarine [Blue]

Ultramarine Blue is the standard warm blue, a brilliant blue pigment with the most purple and least green in its undertone. It has moderate to high tinting strength and beautiful transparency. Synthetic Ultramarine is not as vivid a blue as natural Ultramarine. Ultramarine dries slowly in oil and produces clean, though granular, washes in watercolour. French Ultramarine mixes well with Alizarin colours in oil and watercolour form to create a range of purples and violets. It can dull when mixed with white in acrylic form but mixes well with other colours. The shade varies based on the manufacturer. Considered a great colour for glazes, it is not suitable for frescoing.

Chemical Name: complex silicate of sodium and aluminum with sulphur.

Permanence: Ultramarine has excellent permanence, although synthetic Ultramarine is not as permanent as natural Ultramarine. It may discolour if exposed to acid because of its sulfuric content.

Toxicity: Ultramarine has no significant hazards.

History: The name for this pigment comes from the Middle Latin ultra, meaning beyond, and mare, meaning sea, because it was imported from Asia to Europe by sea. It is a prominent component of lapis lazuli and was used on Asian temples starting in the 6th century. It was one of the most expensive pigments in 16th century Europe, worth twice its weight in gold, and so was used sparingly and when commissions were larger. Ultramarine is imitated by a process invented in France in 1826 by Jean Baptiste Guimet, making blue affordable to artists and extending the range of colours on their palettes.

Alternate Names: Artificial Ultramarine, French Blue, French Ultramarine, Gmelin's Blue, Guimet’s Blue, Permanent Blue, Royal Blue, Synthetic Ultramarine. New Blue describes particular shades of Ultramarine. Armenian Blue and Lazuline Blue are named for genuine Lapiz Ultramarine. Sky Blue is a pale tone of Ultramarine.