Sennelier Watercolour S2 French Ultramarine Blue (314)

French Ultramarine mixes well with Alizarin colours in oil and watercolour form to create a range of purples and violets. It can dull when mixed with white in acrylic form but mixes well with other colours. The shade varies based on the manufacturer. Considered a great colour for glazes, it is not suitable for frescoing.

Pigment Name: PB29—Ultramarine [Blue]

Ultramarine Blue is the standard warm blue, a brilliant blue pigment with the most purple and least green in its undertone. It has moderate to high tinting strength and beautiful transparency. Synthetic Ultramarine is not as vivid a blue as natural Ultramarine. Ultramarine dries slowly in oil and produces clean, though granular, washes in watercolour.

Chemical Name: complex silicate of sodium and aluminum with sulphur.

Permanence: Ultramarine has excellent permanence, although synthetic Ultramarine is not as permanent as natural Ultramarine. It may discolour if exposed to acid because of its sulfuric content.

Toxicity: Ultramarine has no significant hazards.

History: The name for this pigment comes from the Middle Latin ultra, meaning beyond, and mare, meaning sea, because it was imported from Asia to Europe by sea. It is a prominent component of lapis lazuli and was used on Asian temples starting in the 6th century. It was one of the most expensive pigments in 16th century Europe, worth twice its weight in gold, and so was used sparingly and when commissions were larger. Ultramarine is imitated by a process invented in France in 1826 by Jean Baptiste Guimet, making blue affordable to artists and extending the range of colours on their palettes.

Alternate Names: Artificial Ultramarine, French Blue, French Ultramarine, Gmelin's Blue, Guimet’s Blue, Permanent Blue, Royal Blue, Synthetic Ultramarine. New Blue describes particular shades of Ultramarine. Armenian Blue and Lazuline Blue are named for genuine Lapiz Ultramarine. Sky Blue is a pale tone of Ultramarine.

Pigment Name: PV15—Ultramarine Violet

Ultramarine Violet is a semi-transparent, dull purple to pale violet with low tinting strength. It is weak in most oil applications as a pigment, but it performs better in water-based mediums, pastels, and chalks. It is generally the bluest of the violet pigments, although there can be significant differences in colour across brands. It is unsuitable for fresco work and does not mix well with yellows. Ultramarine Violet is a variant of Ultramarine Blue, and their pigment properties are identical. Chemical Name: complex silicate of sodium and aluminum with sulphur.

Permanence: Ultramarine Violet has excellent permanence and lightfastness.

Toxicity: Ultramarine Violet has no significant hazards.

History: Unknown.

Alternate Names: Mineral Violet, Violet Ultramarine, Ultramarine Red.